Natural Homemade Toothpaste Recipes & Tips From a Dentist

Brush and protect your teeth naturally with these homemade toothpaste recipes and tips for optimal dental hygiene from a dentist.

One thing that doesn’t come up much on this blog is my pre-blogging career. If you’ve read my bio under the post or my “more about me” page, you may already know that I’m a dentist. I earned my D.D.S. degree over 10 years ago from the University of Michigan School of Dentistry.

When I came to Spain, I wasn’t able to validate my degree. With too many dentists here already, they have recently made it mostly impossible for anybody who has studied outside the European Union (in some cases, outside of Spain) to legally practice here.

Rather than do as many foreign dentists and practice illegally under other dentists (for cheap), I began looking for other work and eventually ended up starting my blog. It’s something I absolutely love and now I don’t think I could ever go back.

While I am not currently practicing, I do happen to know a lot about teeth and dental hygiene.

While I’ve avoided writing about dental health up until now, I’ve decided that it’s about time that I help you understand certain things about oral health. I want you to understand why and how we get cavities and gingivitis in the hopes that you can prevent them and take back your dental health.

The importance of brushing your teeth

Brushing your teeth, as you probably know, is very important for your oral hygiene, and serves several important functions.

Remove debris and dental plaque

First, brushing your teeth helps remove food debris and plaque. Dental plaque is a buildup of bacteria that forms on the teeth and gums. Some of these bacteria, mainly streptococcus mutans and other lactobacillus types, metabolize sugars and produce acids that form cavities.

What about cavities?

Normally, your saliva helps buffer the pH and there is an equilibrium between the ions in the hydroxyapatite crystals of your tooth enamel and those floating around in your saliva. In an acidic environment, though, your teeth begin to demineralize.

In other words, in the acidic environment caused by the bacteria, some of the ions dissolve from the enamel crystals leading to what we know as cavities.

When brushing your teeth and removing plaque, you can help prevent that demineralization from happening. You may also use a toothpaste which helps raise the pH and counteracts the acid from the bacteria.

Prevent gingivitis and periodontal disease

Brushing isn’t only about preventing cavities, though. Dental plaque can also harden into what is known as tartar which can lead to gingivitis (inflamed gums) and periodontal disease (bone loss around your teeth).

Removing the plaque, then, is important for both preventing cavities and for preventing gingivitis and periodontal disease.

Maintaining healthy gums

Apart from removing the plaque from your teeth, brushing your teeth also helps massage your gums, stimulating better circulation for healthier gums.

Even those without teeth should brush their gums regularly to help improve circulation and ensure healthier tissues!

What about toothpaste, though?

The purpose of toothpaste

Toothpaste is normally formed of abrasives, active ingredients, and flavorings. It is intended to help remove plaque and freshen your mouth. At the same time, it can also deliver active ingredients meant to help protect against caries (aka. cavities).

Fighting plaque?

Many people think of toothpaste as being the important part of your dental hygiene routine. They think that something magical in the toothpaste will help eliminate plaque and keep you from getting cavities. Unfortunately, it’s not that simple.

In fact, if you’re using toothpaste mainly as a means of removing plaque, you may be surprised to find that a review study done recently found that using a toothpaste when brushing didn’t provide any extra plaque removing abilities.

So, brushing your teeth, even without any toothpaste at all, already does a pretty good job of removing plaque and helping in the fight for optimal dental health.

But does toothpaste serve another purpose?

Active ingredients in toothpaste

Most commercial toothpastes have additives meant to help prevent cavities in other ways.

Fluoride

Fluoride is the most popular active ingredient added to toothpaste.

How does fluoride prevent dental cavities?

Fluoride is added to toothpaste in an effort to remineralize teeth that have been demineralized by the bacterial plaque. Under the right conditions, the fluoride ion can substitute part of the missing crystalline structure of the enamel.

Enamel is mostly formed of what it called hydroxyapatite (Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂), but fluoride ions can become incorporated into the enamel structure forming what is known as fluorapatite (Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆F₂).

In the presence of fluoride, remineralization takes place more quickly. The newly formed fluorapatite is also said to be less soluble than hydroxyapatite. That means that it is less likely to demineralize again if and when the acidic conditions return.

The problem with fluoridated toothpaste

While adding fluoride to toothpaste can help prevent cavities, it also brings with it toxicity concerns. At high doses, fluoride may affect bone formation, cause digestive issues, kidney problems, or suppress the thyroid.

At lower doses it can cause cosmetic issues like fluorosis of the teeth, something I know from experience, as I have mild dental fluorosis myself.

To prevent having toxic amounts of fluoride in the toothpaste, in case young children were to ingest an entire tube of toothpaste, the levels of fluoride in toothpaste are pretty low for a topical application.

Is fluoridate toothpaste effective?

When you think about it, the method of trying to incorporate fluoride into the tooth structure through toothpaste doesn’t sound that effective.

Most people are brushing for only a minute or two at best, simultaneously removing the layer of plaque while trying to topically deliver a dose of fluoride to the teeth. In order to incorporate the fluoride ion into the enamel structure, you need an ideal environment with a high pH.

To make up for the non-ideal method of giving your teeth their fluoride dose, they tell you that you shouldn’t be rinsing after you brush to help keep the fluoride in contact with your teeth for longer. (Of course, that also means that you have the fluoride in your mouth for longer and are involuntarily swallowing small amounts of it during that time.)

Toothpastes with a higher concentration of fluoride are available with a prescription, but should be used with caution.

Each person has to weigh out the potential benefits and risks of using a fluoridated toothpaste. While fluoride may help in the fight against cavities, relying on fluoride toothpaste to keep cavities away isn’t your best bet.

Cleaning up your diet, and removing cavity-causing foods, is not only a healthier way of keeping cavities at bay but it also a lot more effective. (If there’s enough interest, I can give my tips for keeping cavities away some other day!)

Plus, there are other less toxic substances that can help with remineralization instead…

Other Problematic Ingredients

Sodium Lauryl Sulfate

The main ingredient I wanted to avoid, found in most commercial toothpaste, is sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). Both my husband and I used to get canker sores quite often, and SLS in toothpaste has been linked to an increased recurrence of canker sores.

SLS is a surfactant that helps give toothpaste its foaming quality. In exchange, it can irritate the mucosa of your mouth. If I wanted a foamy toothpaste (which I don’t), I’d probably just follow Dr. Bronner’s advice and use liquid Castile soap instead. (For the DIY-ers who want to try it, I have several liquid Castile soap recipes up on the blog).

Ditching the SLS has been enough to keep our canker sores away for years now. I can’t remember the last time I got one.

Triclosan

Triclosan is an antibacterial agent that remains in your mouth for hours after having brushed your teeth. It is added to prevent bacterial plaque from forming, thereby preventing cavities, gingivitis, and periodontitis. It has been removed from most brands due to safety concerns, but Colgate still uses it in its Colgate Total® toothpaste. While their studies conclude that the benefits outweigh the risks, there isn’t really a lot of nonpartial data to study.

Triclosan has been banned from hand soaps because it was shown that antibacterial soaps weren’t more effective than using plain soap. Also, using antibacterial agents like Triclosan risked the creation of antibacterial resistant bacteria. It was allowed to remain in toothpaste, though, because Colgate convinced the government of the increased potential benefit.

I have several problems with it.

One, Triclosan has been shown to be a hormone disruptor.

Two, just as taking antibiotics every day isn’t the best way to keep yourself disease-free, I can’t imagine using antibiotics in your mouth is the best way to keep your mouth disease-free.

Our digestive system has a delicate balance of “good” and “bad” bacteria. Taking antibiotics constantly can wreak havoc on our digestive system by killing off the good bacteria along with the bad. I’d imagine that our mouths, the beginning of the digestive system, is the same way.

Without knowing more, I don’t like the idea of risking throwing off the balance of bacteria in my mouth, especially not as a preventative measure.

If you were dealing with a period of rampant cavities or have severe gingivitis and/or periodontitis, using a topical antibacterial agent may be helpful to control the disease for a short time, just as you’d use an antibiotic for a short period of time to deal with other diseases.

In this hypothetical situation, though, it would really be a lot more effective, and healthier, to find and remove the cause of the rampant caries instead. (Perhaps someone was sucking on cough drops all day to deal with a sore throat and cough, not realizing that the habit was also causing multiple cavities. Rather than use an antibacterial agent against the cavities, it would be more helpful to identify the cough drops as the culprit and either stop using them or limit the way they were used.)

Video

Formulating a natural homemade toothpaste

Today, I’m going to share with you several different methods of making homemade toothpaste.

Oil-Based vs. Water-Based

In the interest of avoiding the need for preservatives, many (most) recipes for a natural, homemade toothpaste are oil-based.

Most commercial toothpaste, on the other hand, is water-based. Once you add water to a homemade natural product recipe, though, you are also introducing a source for bacterial growth to form. That is why many prefer using either an oil-based toothpaste or a homemade tooth powder.

So, if we want to make a water-based natural homemade toothpaste, we’ll need to choose ingredients that make the toothpaste not very hospitable for bacterial growth. Several ingredients in the toothpaste will help keep the toothpaste safe to use for longer.

Ingredients

Coconut oil

Coconut oil is a commonly chosen oil for oil-based toothpaste because it has some antibacterial and antifungal properties. The antimicrobial qualities of coconut oil aren’t enough to wreak havoc on the balance of bacteria in your mouth.

Because coconut oil is solid at colder room temperatures, you can use that to make a thicker, more consistent toothpaste. The disadvantage of relying on its solid consistency is that it is temperature-dependant. The texture of your recipe will change from season to season, giving you a thinner toothpaste in the summer, and possibly a hard-to-use, almost solid toothpaste in the winter.

I’ll be sharing an oil-based toothpaste recipe using coconut oil, but you can adjust the amount of oil used to adjust the consistency as needed.

This recipe can also be made with fractionated coconut oil (which doesn’t solidify at 76ºF), or a different liquid oil, if you find that it’s too hard to use it in winter. (I like using a silicone travel tube for dispensing my toothpaste, but in the winter, if the toothpaste solidifies, it can be difficult to dispense the toothpaste from those dispensers.)

Salt

Just as salt helps preserve foods like sauerkraut, kimchi, salt cured olives, and homemade anchovy fillets, adding salt to the toothpaste will help inhibit the formation of dangerous bacteria. It may have other beneficial properties.

If you are using a mineral-rich salt, like pink Himalayan salt, these minerals may aid in the remineralization of your teeth. Apart from that, salt can help stimulate saliva formation, which, in itself, can help keep cavities away. Saliva helps buffer the pH, so the acid from the bacteria in plaque doesn’t eat away at your tooth enamel. (That’s why having a dry mouth can be a major factor in cavity formation.)

Baking soda

Baking soda can be found in a lot of toothpastes. It’s a different sort of salt that helps raise the pH of your toothpaste. The alkalinity of the baking soda can help neutralize the acids in your mouth, which can help fight cavities. (Remember: it’s the acids from the bacteria that lead to cavities in the first place.)

The high pH of the baking soda (around pH=9) also helps preserve the toothpaste in a way. Most bacteria prefer a pH near neutral (pH=7). While there are some microbes, called alkaliphiles, that can survive in alkaline environments of 8.5-11, most won’t cause us issues at high pH’s for homemade cosmetics.

Is Baking Soda too Abrasive?

Some people are concerned about the abrasiveness of baking soda.

Baking soda has a rating of 2.5 on Mohs Hardness scale and a rating of 7 on the RDA (Relative Dentin Abrasivity) scale.

Tooth enamel falls at a 5 on the hardness scale. Baking soda, in itself, will not harm it. (That’s assuming you are brushing gently with a soft toothbrush as you should be. Otherwise, you can do damage with or without the baking soda!)

The rating of 7 on the RDA scale is lower than any other dental product. The only thing written lower on the scale is brushing with only water.

Remember, having some abrasion is good as it help to polish tooth surfaces.

Bentonite clay

Bentonite clay is a great addition to homemade toothpaste because it helps give your toothpaste consistency. Here in Spain bentonite clay isn’t as commonly found, and homemade toothpaste recipes usually call for white clays like kaolin clay instead.

While either is fine, I tend to prefer bentonite clay for several reasons. Bentonite clay has a high pH, (pH=8-9.7), which, once again, helps to combat cavities.

Bentonite is also said to bind to toxins and impurities to help remove them. Whether or not that is true and helpful in the context of a homemade toothpaste (I wasn’t able to find any studies to support or oppose that idea), it is a clay that can be easily found food-grade, and one that is extremely useful to have on hand anyway. I use it often in my activated charcoal facial mask, and it works wonders on my oily, acne-prone skin.

Xylitol

Xylitol is an interesting sweetener because not only does it NOT cause cavities, it may actually help reduce them.

When I was in dental school, prescriptions for a xylitol gum were sometimes given to patients with a tendency towards cavities. These gums work in several ways. The act of chewing gum stimulates saliva production, which helps keep saliva in contact with the teeth to help buffer the acids that can damage your teeth. If you are using a gum with sugar, though, you’re causing more harm than good.

Xylitol on the other hand seems to discourage the formation of cavities by helping to raise the pH of saliva in the mouth. While some modern studies are calling into doubt just how much of a help it really is, it is still a sweetener that is safe for your teeth and is great for homemade toothpastes.

If you’d like to make a homemade toothpaste for your pet, there is no need to add any sweetener. I’d also avoid essential oils as they aren’t necessary and some may be problematic for animals.

Perhaps a homemade tooth powder (minus the essential oils) would be a better option for pets!

Cacao

Cacao is a fun addition to your natural homemade toothpaste that may make it a lot more appealing to kids. Theobromine, one of the components of cacao, has shown promise in the remineralization of teeth. In fact, some have said that theobromine may be a safer, better alternative to fluoride in toothpaste.

I came across its beneficial effects on teeth by accident when I saw people raving about a chocolate toothpaste in an online forum. I was tempted to buy it and test it out, but there were a few things I didn’t like about that particular toothpaste.

Apart from being quite expensive, it seems to be glycerine-based. I haven’t found any studies to back up the popular idea that glycerin inhibits the remineralization of teeth, but like to avoid it here just to err on the side of caution.

Does cacao stain your teeth?

I’ve been using homemade toothpastes with cacao in various forms on and off for almost 2 years now with no signs of staining. I’ve also read mixed things about whether or not it “should” stain your teeth.

Some hypothesize that because the theobromine helps strengthen teeth, cacao could help prevent any staining. In the end, I have to admit that I’m not sure, but can only state that I haven’t noticed any staining after years of using it.

You can use ground cacao nibs or cocoa powder, but I’ve found that even when grinding up the nibs finely in a coffee grinder that little bits stay behind and get stuck between your teeth. While that’s a great incentive to floss, it’s likely off-putting to most.

Cacao will leave dark marks on your sink if you don’t rinse well after spitting it out. While it doesn’t normally stain the sink, it can make for a messy looking sink. If that will bother you, leave the cacao out!

Oil-Based Homemade Natural Toothpaste

Water-Based Toothpaste Recipe

How to Use Your Homemade Toothpaste

Use this toothpaste as you would any other store-bought toothpaste. You don’t need to use much.

To prevent the toothpaste from spoiling, be careful not to contaminate it with bacteria. To avoid contaminating it, don’t dip your wet toothbrush into a jar of homemade toothpaste. Instead, use a tube dispenser to dispense a small amount onto your toothbrush. You can also use a clean spoon or another utensil to scoop out a small amount to add to the brush.

Technique

In my opinion, your technique for brushing is probably more important than the toothpaste you use (and if you use toothpaste or not).

(That, of course, is assuming you aren’t brushing your teeth with a sugar-based toothpaste, a acidic one, or something harmful to them.)

Choosing a Toothbrush

We all use electric toothbrushes in our home because I find that the rotating action of the toothbrush allows for proper technique without doing a lot of work. This is especially helpful for young children, older people, and those who don’t have good control using their hands.

If you are good with your hands, you can be just as efficient with a “normal” toothbrush. I like those that have irregular lengths of bristles because they can reach into small spaces better. I also love that there are now more options for toothbrushes made with sustainable materials.

Whichever type you choose, make sure you are using soft bristles. Hard bristles, or brushing too hard, can damage both teeth and gums. It can lead to recession of the gums (possibly exposing the roots of the teeth) and/or eat away at the tooth enamel and the protective layer on the roots of teeth.

When to Brush

While it is normally suggested that you brush your teeth multiple times a day, I think the most important thing is to have at least one thorough brushing session each day, preferably right before you go to bed.

It’s great (and preferable) if you can get in a quick brush after your meals. Doing so helps clean off remaining food debris and can also help raise the pH after having ingested acidic foods. That said, don’t let the fact that you’ve done a quick brush after your meals keep you from getting in your thorough brushing session at night before you go to sleep!

My favorite periodontal instructor in dental school always told us that one good, thorough cleaning session is preferable to several super-quick sweeps of a toothbrush, and it’s stuck with me ever since. I have a hard time going to sleep without getting in that all-important, thorough brushing session at night.

(While those who claim to brush frequently tend to have fewer cavities than those who don’t, they haven’t found a significant difference in the number of cavities dependent on how many times one brushes per day.)

How to Brush Thoroughly

When doing a thorough brushing session, you want to make sure that you brush each tooth surface completely.

Angle the toothbrush at 45º to help gently clean under the gumline. Use small, circular motions following the contour of your gums. Gently guiding an electric toothbrush along the gum line can perfectly gently massage your teeth and gums without too much effort.

Brush for at least 2 minutes, spending around 30 seconds on each quadrant of your mouth. The alarm on many electric toothbrushes normally sounds at 2 minutes for a reason. It’s been shown that brushing for 2 minutes removes almost twice as much plaque as brushing for only a minute.

Flossing

After that thorough brushing session, it’s the ideal time to floss between all teeth. Make sure to also floss behind the last teeth in your mouth. You want to gently bring the floss down along the side of each tooth, gently pushing down past the gum line, and pulling up any trapped food debris and leftover plaque accumulation on your way back up.

If you want to do a final rinse, consider making a homemade mouthwash! While it’s not a necessary part of daily oral hygiene, it can leave your mouth feeling clean and refreshed!

This post was originally published on Dec. 16, 2017. It was updated and republished in February of 2020 with new tips, warnings, and information about the preservation of the water-based toothpaste.